Are circulating monocytes as microglia orthologues appropriate biomarker targets for neuronal diseases?
Microglial cells, in contrast to other central nervous system cell types such as neurons and macroglia, are of myeloid origin. They constitute the immune cells of the brain and are involved in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. Moreover, diseases of the central nervous system with an inflammatory component are characterized by the migration of bone marrow-derived monocytes into the brain where they differentiate into microglia, the “tissue macrophages” of the nervous system, bearing a therapeutic potential for certain diseases by transplantation of bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Due to their common origin, microglial cells and monocytes/macrophages share expression of many surface receptors and signalling proteins. Moreover, there is overlap in the expression of many genes related to Alzheimer s disease. Activation of resident and blood-derived microglia in diseases of the central nervous system can be both beneficial, e.g. by degradation o
