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ARE INSTITUTIONAL CONTROLS BEING PRACTISED TO ENSURE SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE COMMUNAL AREAS OF SOUTH AFRICA?

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ARE INSTITUTIONAL CONTROLS BEING PRACTISED TO ENSURE SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE COMMUNAL AREAS OF SOUTH AFRICA?

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In both Okhombe and Lubisi there are norms, rules and regulations and institutional structures in place regarding resource management. It will however be argued that these regulations are insufficient to ensure sustainable resource management, particularly of the rangelands, and as a consequence resource degradation is inevitable. Changes in tenurial arrangements on their own are unlikely to change this situation. The following are identified as areas where rules are lacking or control has broken down: • Control of stocking density. No traditional controls exist in either Okhombe or Lubisi, with any resident having the right to keep as much livestock as he or she can afford. The only restriction is that new individuals moving into the community may be refused access on the basis of large herds. In Okhombe there is a clear trend of increasing livestock numbers, a consequence of increased households in the area. The mean size of individual household herds is decreasing. • Control of move

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