Are Twelve Step Programs Appropriate for Disenfranchised Groups?
Evidence from a Study of Posttreatment Mutual Help Involvement. Prevention in Human Services 11(1): 165-179. One year after being admitted to a public substance abuse treatment agency, Caucasion- and African-Americans were attending mutual help (Narcotics Anonymous, Alcoholics Anonymous) groups at the same rate. African-American participants (N=253) in NA and AA self-help groups showed significant improvements over twelve months in six problem areas (employment, alcohol, drug, legal, psychological, and family). African-American self-help group participants had significant more improvement in their medical, alcohol, and drug problems than did African- American patients who did not participate in self-help groups after treatment. Humphreys, K. and R. H. Moos (1996) Reduced Substance-Abuse-Related Health Care Costs among Voluntary Participants in Alcoholics Anonymous. Psychiatric Services, 47, 709-713. Over a period of three years, alcoholics who initially chose to attend AA were compared