Besides command and control, what other approaches are in practice to prevent and control pollution?
A. In certain countries market based instruments have either replaced command and control or practiced in-conjunction with command and control. In this situation there is possibility of one unit trading its waste load with another unit. However, under the Indian situation as yet command and control reigns supreme with some scope for economic instruments. The industries also adopt voluntary schemes based upon CREP under which they voluntarily submit to adoption of measures aimed at environmental compliance beyond the legal norms. They also benchmark themselves against International Standards, like getting ISO 14001 certificate.
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