Do ferns reproduce by forming spores?

Ferns don't reproduce with seeds. If a person looks under a fern leaf, he might see a bunch of brown spots. If he puts a magnifying glass to these brown spots, he would see what looks like a bunch of granules. These granules are called sporangium. Usually, when it rains, the water drags spores from these granules. Both water and spore travel to the ground, where the spores take root and grow. They turn from spores into prothalli. These contain sex organs. The archegonia produce the sperm cells, and the antheridia produce the egg cells. Some ferns only produce the archegonia, or the antheridia, but not both. Most ferns grow both. Once again, water plays a role. When it rains, ground water rises to cover both the archegonia and antheridia. Sperm swims from the antheridium to the archegonium to meet and unite with the egg cell. After they unite, the resulting cell grows to form a zygote. Stem, roots and leaves form. The stem gets longer and wider. Each new leaf grows larger than the ...  more