Does a change in the ocean environment affect early life history processes (e.g., larval drift, larvae distribution)?
Investigations of early life history (larvae/post larvae) require measurements of size and spatial distribution using multiple frequency systems. Ship-mounted systems can be used for studying short-term variations in distributions over larger areas. Moored systems are appropriate for studies of temporal changes in density at a few key locations over longer time periods. We recommend that multiple frequency systems be developed to assess larval and post-larval fish scatterers. Does a change in the ocean environment result in changes in species overlap and resultant interactions (e.g., predation processes)? When a fish predator and its prey are in the same area, the acoustic system must be able to assess a wide range of target sizes. For example, if the larval stage has a mature fish predator, the acoustic system must be capable of obtaining absolute density estimates for both groups. A multiple frequency system (either echo integration/target strength measurement system, or a multiple f
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