Does the work lead to loss of old trees, snags, and rotting logs?
We preserve units, which we call Ancient Forests. This influences the age diversity, all associated plants and animals, edge, juxtaposition, and the pattern of the landscape. In addition, snags are preserved. When there are no snags, some are created. Thinning and select cuts leave rotting logs. Special care is taken to place logs on the contour and large pieces are placed in headwaters to restore the “stair-step” appearance of the natural stream. A “down log survey” report is available. • How do you justify forest “type conversion”? Answer: Species and species complexes are especially well suited for a small set of ecological factors. We fit trees to sites using computer-maps and knowledge and our Wildland Knowledge Base. We reduce costs by putting the right tree in the right place because that reduces plant stress, which is always followed by disease and insect attacks. By careful, intensive management, we can produce high monetary returns from wood from a few areas. Some people find
