Does vesicoureteral reflux increase the risk of antibiotic resistance in paediatric urinary tract infections?
Objectives: To assess if the presence of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is associated with increased antibiotic resistance of uropathogens in children with urinary tract infections (UTI). Materials and methods: In 154 children (2 months to 12 years) with culture-proven UTI (first or recurrent) we analysed the association between antibiotic resistance of urinary pathogens and VUR, adjusting for age, gender, renal scarring, prior antibiotic prophylaxis, fever and urinary symptoms. Results: 250 episodes of UTI (145 first and 105 recurrent) were diagnosed, of which 81 episodes (32%) were associated with VUR. In the univariate analysis, only cefuroxime resistance was significantly higher in the presence of VUR (38% vs. 19%, crude OR 2.6, P=0.001). In the multivariable analysis, none of the antibiotics, including cefuroxime, showed a difference in resistance with or without VUR. Conclusion: In our population, the risk of uropathogen resistance to antibiotics is not increased by the presence of
