How are CNC machines programmed?
Several methods are used. The most basic method is to simply do the necessary geometric calculations with a calculator and write the program directly using G-codes, M-codes, and so on. The program is then keyed directly into the controller (usually called MDI, for Manual Data Input) or keyed into a computer and transferred to the controller via punched tape or some other medium. Some controllers can be programmed using a “conversational” method offered by the controller vendor. This may involve a more advanced language or hitting buttons with symbols on them. (Screaming at the control is not “conversational programming”). Specialized languages such as APT and COMPACT II have been available since the sixties and continue to be used. These create a controller-neutral tool path, usually called a CL File (Cutter Location or Center Line – take your choice), which is then converted to a CNC program acceptable to a given CNC control. A separate postprocessor is generally used for each CNC con
