How Are External,internal And Conceptual Layers Related To The Concepts Of Logical And Physical Data Independence?
External layer is directly related to the conceptual schema of the relational database management system. Conceptual schema represents external and user view of the database system which includes external applications. Logical data independence allows the users to make changes in the external layers / conceptual schema without affecting the internal layers/ whereas Physical data independence allows the users to make changes in the internal layers without affecting the external layers. This feature makes it easier for the users to make effective changes and management of data and information without disturbing the other layers of the databases.
