How can genetics be used to determine drug resistance?
Understanding genotyping must begin with a basic explanation of genetics. The human body contains instructions for all of its parts and functions within molecules known as DNA. These instructions not only determine things like the color of our eyes, but also what medical challenges we may face as we age. The instructions held by DNA are translated into action by RNA in a process known as protein synthesis. Interpreting our genetic code means understanding how DNA and RNA cause our bodies to grow, develop, and perform. With this in mind, a knowledge of which genetic patterns are associated with drug resistance can be used to guide antiviral therapy. The genetic makeup of HIV The genetic makeup of an organism is called its genotype. In HIV, the genotype is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the genes of the virus. Nucleotides are the molecular building blocks of RNA and DNA. Three-nucleotide subunits are called codons, which determine where an amino acid is placed on a protein
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