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How does an enzyme act as a catalyst in chemical reactions?

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How does an enzyme act as a catalyst in chemical reactions?

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The enzyme’s active site lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction. This makes the reaction more likely. 5. What is the “transition state” in a chemical reaction? A: You can think of it as a position half-way in between the substrate (what you start with) and the product of a reaction. It is the highest energy point along the reaction. The enzyme stabilizes the transition state (lowers its energy) and thereby favors the reaction. See figure 4.4. 6. How can an enzyme lower the transition state energy of a reaction? A: Most commonly, the structure of the active site will contain amino acid residues (often acidic or basic) or cofactors which form bonds (weak or strong) with the substrate. Essentially, this makes the substrate “relax and feel at home” enough to “unwind” (react). 7. What is Vmax? A: It is the maximum rate of a chemical reaction under a certain set of conditions. 8. How can you speed up an enzyme-catalyzed reaction? A: • Increase the concentration of substrate. The

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