How is deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery performed?
The surgery is performed through a small skull opening (burr hole), with the patient awake, using only local anesthetic and light intravenous sedation. Surgery is guided by stereotaxis, a method used for approaching deep brain targets through a small incision and skull opening. With stereotaxis, a rigid frame is attached to the patient’s head just before surgery, and a brain imaging study (usually an MRI) is obtained with the frame in place. The images of the brain and frame are used to calculate the position of the desired brain target and guide instruments to that target with minimal trauma. To maximize the precision of the surgery, most surgeons use the electrical activity of the brain to guide the procedure. The surgeon records brain cell activity to check neurological response to electrical stimulation in order to confirm the correct location before implanting the electrode. The neurological status of the patient (such as vision, strength, reduction of tremor and/or appropriate re
