How is genetically modified E.coli modified and grown to produce human insulin?
First find the human insulin gene (hard) Copy it using PCR (polymerase chain reaction, google it if you don’t know what it is) take out intron and extra flanking human DNA so E.coli can make it (can do it by turning it into RNA adding splicosomes then turning it back into DNA using reverse transcriptase) stick a strong promoter on it stick some restriction enzyme cut sites on either end use restriction enzyme to get sticky ends take a plasmid (small ring of DNA) containing an antibiotic resistance gene use restriction enzyme to get sticky ends add the gene from above and the sticky ends will match up ligate together using a ligation enzyme take plasmids add them to a batch of bacterial cells (add a chemical/stressor) to encourage them to take up the plasmid grow the cells on plates containing the antibiotic harvest those that grow (they are the ones containing the plasmid) grow them in big vats and harvest the insulin.
