How Is Operant Conditioning Different from Classical Conditioning?
4. Reinforcement increases behavior: Positive consequences of a behavior will likely strengthen and reinforce the behavior. Shaping is a procedure where successive approximations of a behavior are reinforced, which leads to the desired behavior. Reinforcers are primary (those that satisfy biological needs) and secondary (those that do not directly satisfy biological needs). 5. Both reinforcement and punishment can be positive or negative: Positive reinforcement or punishment means the delivery of a stimulus after the response; negative reinforcement or punishment means the removal of a stimulus after the response. Positive and negative reinforcements increase the likelihood of a behavior; positive and negative punishments decrease the likelihood of the behavior. 6. Operant conditioning is influenced by schedules of reinforcement: Reinforcement is delivered at a fixed rate or a variable rate that depends on the number (ratio) or time (interval) of responses. 7. Biology and cognition inf
