How is the lattice stable, what is Earnshaws theorem and what is the short range repulsive force?
Earnshaw’s theorem on magnetism (1842), tells us that a simple system of electrostatic forces of attraction and repulsion alone cannot support a stable lattice, it would collapse or explode. Another short range, repulsive force is required to stabilise the lattice as the nodes approach one another to within twice the lattice constant. This force therefore cannot be another electrostatic force (by definition), nor nuclear because the operating distance is too great. Therefore it is proposed that the force is magnetic most possibly due to the intrinsic spin moments of the electrons and positrons.
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