How was the roman army disciplined ?
Minor punishments included reduction of the food ration or to eat barley instead of the usual grain ration. Corporal punishment, CP, was particularly used to enforce discipline amongst the lower ranks, castigato being hit by the centurion with his staff or animadversio fustium. sentenced to a flogging in front of the century, cohort or legion. This was a less severe flogging than the short whip flagrum, flagellum or flagella, which was used for slave volunteers, volones, who comprised the majority of the army in the later years of the Roman Empire. Other punishments included pecunaria multa fines or deductions from the pay allowance, added duty munerum indictio, or – more seriously – reposting to a less prestigious unit militiae mutatio, loss of long service privileges, loss of rank gradus deiectio, or dishonourable discharge missio ignominiosa. A Roman legionary soldier swore an oath to serve to death, originally to the Senate and Roman people, later to the General and the Emperor. A
