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Is PDA testing based on any Empirical Formulae?

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Is PDA testing based on any Empirical Formulae?

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The method is based on the Smith algorithm developed in 1960. In 1964 research was initiated in Case Western Reserve University under funding from Federal Highway Administration. By 1974, Dr. Goble and his associates had successfully demonstrated the use of this method and today it is a standardized test tool used worldwide and a part of various code specifications of various European, Asian and Americas. The method is NOT Related with any of the empirical formulae viz. Hiley’s Formulae, ENR, etc. It is based on the WAVE EQUATION approach studied by Smith in 1960. Today, such procedures based on Wave Propagation Theory are collectively called the Case Method and are conveniently applied in the field by dedicated electronic equipment called the Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) system.

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