Is posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) caused by any specific immunosuppressive drug or by the transplantation per se?
GROUND: An association between posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) and cyclosporine A (CsA) and OKT3 has often been postulated on the basis of retrospective studies, although a randomized study with PTLD as the endpoint will probably never be performed. Because focus on PTLD coincided with the use of these drugs, a bias could be suspected. METHODS: In a retrospective, nonrandomized study, we reevaluated all lymphoma-like lesions arising in kidney-transplant patients grafted at our center during 1969 to 1998 and observed up to 2002. Case pathology was reviewed, and an association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (and latency pattern) was assessed. RESULTS: We did not find any significant difference in the incidence of PTLDs when comparing the prednisolone/azathioprine, and CsA eras (P=0.89), the periods before or after OKT3 (P=0.61), and those before or after antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) (P=0.22). Occurrence time was shorter in the CsA (P=0.059), OKT3 (P=0.007), a
