Is propolis the same around the world?
No. The chemical components of propolis vary remarkably from country to country, and even between different locations within each country. The variability of propolis is due to the plants available for bees to gather resin. Initially, this variability was a serious obstacle to the standardisation of propolis and its acceptance into the mainstream of healthcare. However, studies based on propolis from particular locations (such as Professor Hiroshi Maruta’s research on Bio 30 propolis from New Zealand) have led to findings based on the characteristics of particular propolis.