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What advantages do NumPy arrays offer over (nested) Python lists?

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What advantages do NumPy arrays offer over (nested) Python lists?

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Python’s lists are efficient general-purpose containers. They support (fairly) efficient insertion, deletion, appending, and concatenation, and Python’s list comprehensions make them easy to construct and manipulate. However, they have certain limitations: they don’t support “vectorized” operations like elementwise addition and multiplication, and the fact that they can contain objects of differing types mean that Python must store type information for every element, and must execute type dispatching code when operating on each element. This also means that very few list operations can be carried out by efficient C loops — each iteration would require type checks and other Python API bookkeeping.

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