What are scientific advancements in the ancient indus river valley?
Till the last decades of the twentieth century Indus Valley Civilisation (IVS) was considered the earliest archaeologically verifiable Indian civilisation. Recent research at various other archaeological sites suggests that there was a far more advanced civilisation (the Saraswati Valley Civilisation) that predated ‘Indus’ and after all, the river Saraswati was not mythical as was made out to be. Thus we find Indian civilisations stretching backwards and forwards in an unbroken continuum for nearly ten thousand years. We may with justification ignore the political polemics that transpose alien influences as lending an impetus to the evolution of Indian science. That ancient Indians achieved proficiency in various branches of science as diverse as agriculture, atomic energy, astronomy, irrigation, mathematics (including the concept of zero which was a precursor to the concept of the wheel), medicine (including anaesthetics), metallurgy, pharmacognacy (the herbal branch of modern pharmac
