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What are the alarm indication signal (AIS), remote alarm indication (RAI), and distant multiframe alarm (DMA) in an E1 system?

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What are the alarm indication signal (AIS), remote alarm indication (RAI), and distant multiframe alarm (DMA) in an E1 system?

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A8. The AIS and RAI are essentially the same as the T1 blue and yellow alarm, respectively. The AIS is transmitted upon loss of the originating signal or when the incoming signal is actively disrupted. The RAI is transmitted to indicate the loss of an incoming signal. The DMA is specific to CAS signaling and is transmitted when the correct CAS multiframe alignment signal is not found.

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