What are the main problems with the simple cases of causal-comparative and correlational research?
The problem with BOTH of the simple cases is that the researcher has no manipulation, no random assignment, and is only able to determine whether a statistical relationship is present. Observing a relationship is NOT enough information to attribute causation. To make a causal attribution, one need to meet three conditions: 1) relationship, 2) correct time order, that is, if A causes B then A must precede B in time, and 3) alternative explanations must be ruled out. Again, all the simple cases give us is a relationship (i.e., condition 1). (On the other hand, a well conducted strong experiment satisfies all three conditions.) 2.6 What are two variables that you believe are positively correlated? Study time the night before an exam and test grades (i.e., the greater the study time, the higher the grades). 2.7. What are two variables that you believe are negatively correlated? Amount of time spent partying the night before a test and test grades (i.e., the greater the time spent partying,
