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What can go wrong with Calcium, Phosphate, PTH and Vitamin D in Kidney Failure?

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What can go wrong with Calcium, Phosphate, PTH and Vitamin D in Kidney Failure?

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If someone developed kidney failure and went onto dialysis, the following sequence of events might occur. However, preventative treatment can stop many of these problems. • A fall in the blood level of calcium is the first major change. As the kidneys do not convert vitamin D into its active form, calcium does not get into the body from food, and the blood level of calcium can fall. The treatment is to replace active vitamin D (more details above). • Levels of phosphate in the blood rise, because the kidneys are not excreting excess phosphate into the urine. High levels of phosphate can cause itching. The treatment is to reduce phosphate levels by diet, dialysis, and medication (more details below). • PTH may be produced in large quantities, stimulated by low levels of calcium in the blood. The PTH tries to keep the calcium level in the blood normal by increasing calcium absorption from food, but also takes calcium out of the bones. Eventually the parathyroid glands work so hard they g

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