What does immunization mean?
The Greek word “immune” means “to be protected”. Immunisation is of two types namely active and passive. When specific agents are introduced into the body so that it develops the needed protective response, it is called active immunization. In passive immunization, the protective agent itself is introduced into the body. Active immunisation provides long-term protection against diseases, while passive immunisation provides only short-term protection. Infectious agents induce disease and the defence mechanisms of the body react with immunity, first to ensure that the disease is overcome and secondly to develop protection from the disease if the same infective agent is encountered again. A vaccine is composed of one or more inactivated parts of the infectious agent that induces a protective immune response without the risk of the disease itself. To be successful in their protective role, vaccines should be given before the age when the infection itself is likely to occur. For example, in
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