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What does nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio level of measurements mean?

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What does nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio level of measurements mean?

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At the nominal scale, i.e., for a nominal category, one uses labels; for example, rocks can be generally categorized as igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. For this scale, some valid operations are equivalence and set membership. Nominal measures offer names or labels for certain characteristics. In the Ordinal scale, the values assigned to objects or events represent the rank order (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) of the entities assessed. Names may be used like “bad”, “medium”, “good”. Another example is the results of a horse race, which say only which horses arrived first, second, third, (etc.) but include no information about times. Another is the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, which characterizes the hardness of various minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch a softer one, saying nothing about the actual hardness of any of them. Quantitative attributes are all measurable on interval scales, as any difference between the levels of an attribute can be multiplied by any

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