What does the epidermis, palisade and spongy layer do in a leaf?
the epidermis Leaves contains upper and lower epidermis. 1) Upper epidermis. This is a single layer of cells containing few or no chloroplasts. The cells are quite transparent and permit most of the light that strikes them to pass through to the underlying cells. The upper surface is covered with a waxy, waterproof cuticle, which serves to reduce water loss from the leaf. 2) Lower epidermis. Typically. most of the stomata (thousands per square centimeter) are located in the lower epidermis. Although most of the cells of the lower epidermis resemble those of the upper epidermis, each stoma is flanked by two sausage-shaped cells called guard cells. These differ from the other cells of the lower epidermis not only in their shape but also in having chloroplasts. The guard cells regulate the opening and closing of the stomata. Thus they control the exchange of gases between the leaf and the surrounding atmosphere 3) Palisade layer. This consists of one or more layers of cylindrical cells or
