What exactly does +x/y weapon damage on the various Blade skills mean?
It means that x/y of your total damage is in effect on the Blade skill, in addition to its own natural damage. This includes elemental damage, poison, etc., bonuses from CM/STR/DEX in terms of claw damage despite what it says. If you’re C/C, it uses damage from whichever claw you equip first (or have still equipped, if you unequipped one) + external elemental damage. It should be noted that this property reduces Venom’s duration in proportion to its damage, and not its damage alone.