What is a heat shield?
The material on the exterior of a spacecraft that protects it from the high temperatures experienced during atmospheric entry from space. Temperatures from 2000 F to 5000 F can develop on the outer surface of the heat shield, yet the heat shield keeps the spacecraft below 200 F. Examples of NASA spacecraft that used heatshields are: Space Shuttle, Apollo, Mars Exploration Rover landers, Mars Pathfinder, Mars Viking, Galileo probe, Pioneer-Venus probes.