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What Is Phenology

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What Is Phenology

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Phenology is the study of the seasonal timing of life cycle events. You are studying phenology when you record the date a certain plant flowers, a tree’s leaves emerge, an insect hatches, or a migratory bird appears on its nesting grounds. The dates on which these happen each year are affected by factors such as daylength, temperature, and rainfall. Why Are These Observations Important? The observations students contribute become part of a permanent database that scientists can use to monitor how living things are responding to changes in our climate. By studying the timing of seasonal changes, students think like scientists who look for clues about how climate and other factors affect living things.

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Phenology is the study of observable and measurable events that tend to occur annually. Types of annual events include: • the dates that Lake Mendota freezes in the winter and thaws in the spring, or • the date in early spring when male redwing blackbirds first, begin singing to declare their territories in the vicinity of University Bay. Phenology can be enjoyed by everyone, no matter how much or how little they know about natural history. Small children can understand its core concepts, and senior scientists still experience wonder at the insights it generates. Phenological observations are also used to understand how our climate is changing.

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Phenology is derived from the Greek word phaino, meaning to show or appear. It is the study of recurring plant and animal life cycle events, or phenophases, such as leafing and flowering, maturation of agricultural plants, emergence of insects, and migration of birds. Why Is It Important? Phenology, put another way, is simply nature’s calendar—when the cherry flowers bloom, the robin builds its nest, and the leaves turn colors in the fall. This schedule is critical for plants and animals, and people too. When a caterpillar emerges, it needs developing leaves to eat. When a chick hatches, it needs caterpillars and other food to eat. For many people, allergy season starts when particular flowers bloom—earlier flowering means earlier allergies. Farmers and gardeners need to know when to plant to avoid frosts, and they need to know the schedule of plant and insect development to decide when to apply fertilizers and pesticides. In fact, phenology affects nearly all aspects of the environmen

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Literally, phenology refers to the science of appearance. In the simplest terms, phenology is the study that measures the timing of life cycle events in all living things. The life cycle of an organism is the period of time involving a single generation through reproduction. So, when we think of a life cycle in an organism, we are not necessarily referring to the life span, but rather, the period of time it takes to reproduce a generation. Life cycle events are also known as phenophases. In plants, this includes first leaf budburst, first flower, last flower, first ripe fruit, seed dispersal, and leaf color change, among others. In animals, the phenophases include mating, offspring production, molting, hibernation, and migration, among others. Scientists who study phenology phenologists are interested in the timing of specific biological events with relation to seasonal and climatic change. Seasonal and climatic changes are some of the non living or abiotic components of the environmen

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Phenology is a branch of science which concerns itself with the observation and study of cyclical and sometimes predictable biological phenomena. You have probably practiced a bit of phenology yourself; every time you take note of a seasonal occurrence like emerging bulbs, fruiting trees, and the appearance of migratory birds, you are engaging in phenology. Many people believe that the study of recurring national phenomena could provide clues to upcoming weather conditions and the history of the Earth’s weather, as many of these phenomena are dictated by the weather. Budding, blooming, fruiting, and losing leaves are all examples of botanical phenology. Other examples of phenology include the emergence of animals from hibernation, breeding seasons, the shifting of migratory populations, and even the growth rate of crops. Many cultures have been deeply concerned with these events, using them to establish planting schedules and to make predictions about seasonal weather, and you may be f

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