What is streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin?
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) is a virulent organism that causes scarlet fever, rheumatic fever and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A1 (SpeA1) is a superantigen commonly isolated from streptococcal strains infecting individuals with STSS. Streptococcus pyogenes is one of the most frequent pathogens of humans. It is estimated that between 5-15% of normal individuals harbour the bacterium, usually in the respiratory tract, without signs of disease. Streptococcus pyogenes can casue infection when body defenses are compromised. The researchers then separate Liu Shen Wan into fractions to test their individual functions. The pill was partitioned with chloroform, methanol, water and mineral fraction. The results show that several fractions inhibited inflammation and pain in varying degrees. Among them, chloroform fraction exerted the most remarkable inhibitory effect on human PBMC proliferation. Methanol and water fractions had mor
