What is the advantage of astaxanthin over other carotenoids and antioxidants?
· Demonstrated to be bioavailable in human studies. · At least 10 times more effective as an antioxidant than beta-carotene (in vitro). · Up to 500 times more effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation as an antioxidant than Vitamin E (in vitro). · At least four times the antioxidant capacity of lutein (in vitro). · More stable in scavenging and quenching than beta-carotene, canthaxanthin, or zeaxanthin (in vitro). · Most potent antioxidant for immune modulation enhancement · More effective than lycopene, lutein, and beta-carotene in immune protection against tumorigenesis · Enhances the actions of Vitamins C and E · The enhanced activity of astaxanthin may stem from its molecular structure. Astaxanthin belongs to the xanthophyll group of carotenoids, or the oxygenated carotenoids (see other members of this group in Fig. 1). · The hydroxyl and keto functional groups (see Fig. 1) present in the ending ionone ring of astaxanthin may be responsible for its uniquely powerful antioxidant ac
· Demonstrated to be bioavailable in human studies. · At least 10 times more effective as an antioxidant than beta-carotene (in vitro). · Up to 500 times more effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation as an antioxidant than Vitamin E (in vitro). · At least four times the antioxidant capacity of lutein (in vitro). · More stable in scavenging and quenching than beta-carotene, canthaxanthin, or zeaxanthin (in vitro). · Most potent antioxidant for immune modulation enhancement · More effective than lycopene, lutein, and beta-carotene in immune protection against tumorigenesis · Enhances the actions of Vitamins C and E · The enhanced activity of astaxanthin may stem from its molecular structure. Astaxanthin belongs to the xanthophyll group of carotenoids, or the oxygenated carotenoids (see other members of this group in Fig. 1). · The hydroxyl and keto functional groups (see Fig. 1) present in the ending ionone ring of astaxanthin may be responsible for its uniquely powerful antioxidant ac