What is the basis of environmental policy in Malaysia and which agencies/bodies administer and enforce environmental law?
The Federation of Malaysia comprises a federation of thirteen states, namely the States of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Penang, Perak, Perlis, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor and Terengganu, and the Federal Territories of Wilayah Persekutuan, Putrajaya and Labuan. Under the Federal Constitution of Malaysia, legislative powers are divided into three lists: (a) the Federal List (the First List set out in the Ninth Schedule); (b) the State List (the Second List set out in the Ninth Schedule); and (c) the Concurrent List (the Third List set out in the Ninth Schedule). Federal Parliament is conferred by Article 74(1) of the Federal Constitution the power to make laws with respect to any matter enumerated in the Federal List or the Concurrent List. The State Legislature is conferred by Article 74(2) of the Federal Constitution the power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in the State List or the Concurrent List. By virtue of Article 77, the State
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