What is the difference between granite and basalt?

[Basalt is composed of volcanic rocks that are iron-rich and silica-poor. Granite is composed of volcanic rocks that are silica-rich and iron-poor.] 4. Give two examples of biogenic sedimentary rocks. [Coal and limestone] 5. What direction do gyres flow? [Gyres flow clockwise north of the equator and counterclockwise south of the equator.] 6. How do scientists learn about the inner layers of the earth without being able to view it directly? [Scientists study meteorites called chondrites to help estimate the chemical composition of the earth and use seismographs to study vibrations during earthquakes. The changes in vibrations help scientists understand the chemical composition of the materials they are traveling through.] 7. Why doesn’t the rock at the center of the earth liquefy when it is at such a high temperature? [The pressure of the surrounding layers of the earth cause the center of the earth to remain solid.] 8. What is orogeny? [Orogeny is the series of events that occur ...