What is the ideal surface for laneways?

The foundation and surface layers of a laneway each require the use of materials that will withstand the threat posed by water and constant use. In many regions, accessing suitable materials can be a problem less than ideal materials may require stabilising or strengthening. Paying more for good quality materials may save money in the long run factor in costs of lameness and mastitis, extra maintenance or laneway replacement. Materials - Foundation Layer Topsoil and grass should be removed before beginning the foundation layer. Topsoil is not suitable for use in the foundation layer. The material removed from the table drains may be used provided it is not topsoil. Moist sub-surface soil is suitable. If not required for dam construction, the material dug out to make effluent ponds is also suitable for laneway foundations. Soft clay is unsuitable for use in foundations unless stabilised with other materials. Hydrated lime, evenly spread and uniformly incorporated to a depth of 125mm, ...  more