Important Notice: Our web hosting provider recently started charging us for additional visits, which was unexpected. In response, we're seeking donations. Depending on the situation, we may explore different monetization options for our Community and Expert Contributors. It's crucial to provide more returns for their expertise and offer more Expert Validated Answers or AI Validated Answers. Learn more about our hosting issue here.

What levels of fluoride exposure are harmful to microbes and plants?

0
Posted

What levels of fluoride exposure are harmful to microbes and plants?

0

Fluoride can be toxic to aquatic life but some organisms are more sensitive to its effects than others. Its toxicity is very low for bacteria involved in wastewater treatment and appears to be low for algae. Fluoride toxicity is low for an aquatic floating plant, common duckweed, with a concentration giving a 50% reduction in growth (EC50) greater than 60 mg fluoride/litre. How easily invertebrates are affected depends on the species. The most sensitive appear to be caddisfly species with calculated “safe concentrations” varying between 0.2 mg/litre and 1.79 mg/litre. The data on fish are quite variable but fluoride toxicity to fish appears to be less in hard water than soft water and greater at high temperatures than low temperatures. The concentration of fluoride lethal to 50% of groups of rainbow trout (LC50) exposed for 20 days in laboratory experiments carried out in soft water, ranged from 2.7 to 4.7 mg/litre. However, for a wild fish population in a specific river with hard wate

Related Questions

Thanksgiving questions

*Sadly, we had to bring back ads too. Hopefully more targeted.