When comparing SPMD data to residue levels in biota, should lipid normalization be used?
Although residue concentration data of organisms are often lipid normalized, the procedure is generally inappropriate for SPMD data. A key assumption in the normalization procedure is that residues in an organism’s lipids have reached steady state with ambient waters. This assumption may be valid for feral organisms, but it is frequently not valid for biomonitoring organisms, especially when high-Kow contaminants are the target analytes and exposure durations are short-term to moderate (less than 30-day). In general, the capacities of SPMDs for hydrophobic analytes are much greater than those exhibited by aquatic organisms, because SPMDs have higher percent lipid contents. In addition, the lipid-like membrane significantly adds to the capacity of SPMDs for hydrophobic organics, whereas non-lipoidal tissues add little to an organism’s capacity to accumulate these compounds. Several studies have shown the similarity of the magnitude of the first-order uptake rate constants of SPMDs and o
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