Where has hydrocarbon in water Emulsion Fuel MSAR® SFO™ been used?
Emulsion fuel technology was developed by British Petroleum (BP) in the mid 1980’s. Under a joint venture between BP and PDVSA (Petroleos de Venezuela SA) the “first generation” fuel emulsion was produced from 9 API Orinoco belt crude. Orimulsion® grew to a sizable market of over 120,000 barrels per day, but was abandoned in 2006 by PDVSA for political reasons. In the mid 90’s, MSAR® was invented by Quadrise Limited (ex BP researchers) using Akzo Nobel technology and additives to convert refinery generated hydrocarbon residues in the minus 2 to plus 8 API range to a finely tuned fuel emulsion for various applications. In 2008, Quadrise Canada innovated MSAR® SFO™ to a “third generation” whereby very heavy asphaltenes in the minus 10 to minus 2 API range, sometimes referred to as ‘liquid coke’, can be converted to MSAR® SFO™. MSAR® SFO™ has been test burned in Wartsila diesel engines, in test furnaces at the Canadian National Research Council CANMET facility, in several power plant boil
