WHO EXACTLY IS REMEMBERED BY JEWISH SURVIVORS AS THE CHIEF OF THE GUARDS AT THE TREBLINKA II CAMP?
Various survivors since World War II have described the head of the Ukrainian Guards at the Treblinka II camp as Captain Sauer (Exhibit 37), Jan Rogozha (Exhibit 38), Ivan (Exhibit 39), or “Ivan the Terrible” (Exhibit 40), Ivan Marchenko, or Nikolai Marchenko (Exhibit 41). The name “Ivan the Terrible” was first mentioned in 1944. Exhibit 42. The second, and the last, written entry that we can find using this unforgettable sobriquet is in 1945. Exhibit 43. The name “Ivan the Terrible” then completely disappears from the Holocaust literature until 1976 (Exhibit 44) when Gustaw Boraks in Israel identified a picture of John Demjanjuk stating, “This is the likeness of Ivan Grozny (Grozny is the Polish word for “terrible”).” Another Treblinka survivor, Jacob Szmulowicz (in 1978) also claimed to remember the name “Ivan the Terrible,” while Elijahu Rosenberg (in 1979) identified him as “Ivan the Terrible” in the highly suggestive (Exhibit 45) photo layout of the Israeli police. All three eyewi
