Why did the first reform movements in American history arise during the early nineteenth century?
Certain religious developments made Americans more sensitive to sin and increased their faith in peoples’ ability to cure social problems. The liberal revolt against Calvinism convinced many reformers that people were basically good and that only a flawed environment caused social evils. The evangelical revival defined sin and concrete terms and encouraged reformers to address social problems. At the same time, in an increasingly urban society, some problems had become more visible. But reformers also had a heightened faith in peoples’ ability to cure social problems. • Why was the antislavery movement, which was nearly as unpopular in the North as the South in the early 1830s, able to persuade a growing number of Northerners that slavery was an intolerable moral evil? • What changes made the American political system more democratic between 1820 and 1840? The elimination of property qualifications for voting; direct election of judges, governors, and presidential electors; the emergen
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