Why is a higher X ray exposure required to produce a mammogram than other radiographic images, such as that of the chest?
The short answer is image information required. Now some explanation. In all X ray imaging methods there is always a balance between image information (visibility of signs of disease) and the absorbed dose to the patient. In mammography, especially for detection of cancer at the early stage when it can be treated most effectively, images with high contrast sensitivity, high detail, and low visual noise are required. Each of these characteristics requires a relatively high X ray exposure. Because the normal composition of the breast and the usual signs of cancer are in soft tissue with very little difference or physical contrast, X ray beams with low penetrating characteristics must be used to produce visible images. This results in higher exposure. Another valuable sign of early cancer are small (micro-) calcifications. The imaging receptors necessary for their visibility require a higher exposure than receptors for other radiographic procedures.
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