What are the differences between all the different ETS methods?
ETS methods differ according to which surgical instruments are used, and which specific area of the sympathetic chain is being targeted. The surgeon may use electrocautery to burn tissue, a metal knife blade to cut tissue, or a harmonic scalpel which cuts tissue very precisely using ultrasound waves. Or, the surgeon may instead crush the nerve tissue with titanium clamps, which are then left inside the body. Different regions along the sympathetic chain correspond roughly to different areas of the body, but there is overlap in function, and great variation from one patient to the next. Most ETS occurs around the T2-T4 area, with differing opinions among surgeons as to which level or levels to kill in order to treat specific complaints.
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