Also, when is the best time while playing to make the notes rippple?
Answer To change strings, you need to move your elbow either higher or lower (depending on the string you’re changing to) to a different angle. Beware of moving your forearm to the new angle but keeping your elbow locked in the old one. To switch smoothly, you need to start changing as you’re playing the last note you are playing on the string before you switch. Tilt the bow towards the new string as you are playing on the old one (time it carefully so that the sound sounds when you reach the new angle!). Think one string, double stop between two strings, then one string again. The key is preparation way before the note is supposed to sound! Practice with open strings. I believe you’re talking about “vibrato” in your second question. Vibrato can really be applyed anywhere it is needed. It is most important for long notes – and fortissimo expression! Hope this helps!