Are HCs totally new refrigerants?
No. Propane (R290) has a long history in refrigeration. It has been in use since before ozone-depleting CFCs were developed and was re-introduced for use in heat pumps after the CFC phaseout. Its thermodynamic data, efficiency, and material compatibility are well known. In some countries, appliance manufacturers and food producers began using R290 as a replacement for R404A or R134a in appliances shortly after 2000, due to environmental concerns.