Are patients infected with HIV at increased risk of developing bacterial pneumonia?
Available data clearly suggest that HIV-infected patients have an increased risk of developing bacterial pneumonia. In the 1993 CDC classification system, recurrent pneumonia (2 or more episodes in 1 year) is defined as a category C (AIDS-indicator) condition. Pneumococcal pneumonia is the most common bacterial pneumonia in persons infected with HIV, and it occurs approximately 10 times more frequently than in persons not infected with HIV. In addition, the development of pneumococcal pneumonia can occur early in the course of HIV disease, before other manifestations of immune suppression. HIV-infected persons with pneumococcal pneumonia have clinical signs and symptoms similar to those in HIV-negative individuals, but they have an approximately 20-fold higher risk of developing pneumococcal bacteremia. Treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia is generally the same in persons with and without HIV infection. Several studies have shown that HIV-infected persons have a slightly increased risk
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