do the anatomical procedures restore physiologic ankle kinematics?
GROUND: If conservative therapy fails, the standard treatment for chronic ankle instability is surgical reconstruction of the lateral ligaments. For the last seventy years, the tenodesis principles have been used for reconstruction. Recently however, surgical reconstructions–respecting the intact joint anatomy–have been developed, thus called “anatomical reconstruction principles”. METHODS: This study focused on the investigation of the range of motion of the ankle and the subtalar joint following anatomical reconstruction surgery. Three different types of anatomical reconstruction procedures were compared: Direct ligament repair, tendon graft and carbon-fiber implant. RESULTS: All procedures restored the original range of motion of the subtalar joint, except for the plantarflexed/dorsiflexed positions. As for the talocrural joint, the tendon graft and the carbon fiber implant left a small laxity for movements of inversion/eversion and internal/external rotation. The direct repair pr
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