For preparation of 1-bromobutane, Why is the n-butyl bromide the lower layer in the separatory funnel?
You are reffering to two liquids. one being n-butyl bromide and the other is water. We dont keep n-butyl bromide as lower layer as we have no control over it. The liquid will form lower layer or upper layer depending upon its density. N-butyl bromide has more density then the aqueous solution of Na2CO3 or simply water. So aqueous layer is lighter than n-buyl bromide so n-butyl bromide settles as a lower layer.