How can successive ionization energies be interpreted?
This will be discussed in Week 11 lecture. (a) Table 4.2 shows that successive ionization energies always increase. Li is the first element with both valence (1) and core e- (2). You can see that the first ionization energy (for the loss of the valence e-) is relative small compared to the second ionization energy (for the loss of the first core e-) 520 vs. 7300 kJ/mol. (b) The ionization energies for all e- in 8 subshells are shown for the group 8 elements (Ne and Ar). Group 8 elements are those that have filled 8e- shells. (c) We will look at this plot in Week 11 lecutre. 4.57 Electron spin pairing in second period elements This will be discussed in Week 11 lecture. 4.58 How are orbital nodes described? (a) The boundary surfaces for both orbitals are spherical in shape. The 2s orbital is larger than the 1s. (b) Nodes are the places in a wave where wave amplitude is zero, so in the sketches of Figure 4.36, the nodes are where the dot density is zero. A 2s orbital has a spherical nodal
