How does SMW store its data?
Semantic MediaWiki stores its data via about 10 additional tables within the MediaWiki database (which is usually a MySQL database). These tables are designed for fast querying, which is part of the reason why there are so many of them. It is also possible to have SMW additionally store data within an RDF triplestore: RAP by default, and 4store, ARC2, Jena and Ontobroker via various extensions. There is a current project in place to integrate triplestore handling better into SMW, so that all of these triplestores and more can be used without the need for extensions, and so that SMW can theoretically use a triplestore as its main database, without needing to store much or any of its data in the regular relational database. See SPARQL and RDF stores for SMW for more on both the current options and the longer-term goals.